Onion's Crop
To aaiye jante he ki iske kheti kaise karte he..........
hai doston aaj me aapke liye ek essyi crop lekar aaya hun, jiski hume
roj jarurat padti he jiska name h onion, ji han ye ek sabji essi he jiske
bina aapki sabji adhuri rahti he aur khane me bhi testi nahi lagti lekin
esko dalne ke bad sabji me ek naya sa svad payeda ho jata he,
esliye agar aapne suna ho to ise Quien of the Ketichin kaha jata he,
INTRODUCTION--
Botanical name- Allium sepa L.
family - Alieacea
Orgin - North West India
(Mediterraneam Region)
NUTERITIVE VALUE--
1. nami --86.8gm
2. vasa -0.10
3. resa- 00.6 gm
4. calorease- 49
5. orgenic matter- 00.4gm
6. protin- 01.2gm
7. other carbohydrets- 11.0gm
8. calsium- 47 mg
9. phosphoras- 50 mg
10. vitamin A- nill
11. vitamin C- 11.00mg
12. thiyamin- 0.08mg
13. nicotin acid- 00.4
varieties-
ONION RED
PUSA RED
PUSA RATNAR
ARKA NIKRTAN
N-53
HISSAR-2
NASIK RED
UDAIPUR-101
UDAIPUR-103
BL-1
BL-67
ONION WHITE
PUSA WHITE FLATE
WHITE GLOBE
WHITE GRANO
ONION SLECTION 101
PONJAB-48
ONION SELECTION 131
PATNA WHITE
PUSA WHITE ROUND
ONION YELLOW
EARLY GARNO
EARLY YELLOW GLOB
I.I.H.R YELLOW
HYBRID ONION
VL -67
EMPIRE
FIESTA
varieties for kharif
seasion
N-53
NO.-780
ARKA KALYAN
AGRIFOUND LIGHT RED
(INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH
,BANGLORE) ne 3 varieties devlope ki he jo ki 400-450
kuntal/hectare yield dene ki capesiti rakhti he jinka nam
he,
ARKA NIKETAN
ARKA KALYAN
ARAK PRAGATI
CROP ROTATION-
BRINJAL-POTATO-ONION
LEDY FINGER-PEA-ONION
BITTERGOARD(early)-ONION
LEDYFINGER-RADISH-ONION
CLIMATE-
PYAJ COLD SEASION KI CROP HE , TATHA ISE KHARIF ME BHI UGAYA JA
SAKTA HE UN VARIETIES KI SOWING KARKE JO KHARF KE LIYE SUTABLE
HE......
PYAJ KI ACCHI FASAL KE LIYE 15.5-21.10CENTIGRETE TEMPRATURE ,
10 HOURE KA DAY AND 70% HUMIDITY (AADRTA) SUTEBLE HOTI HE........
SOIL
PYAJ SABHI PARKAR KI MITTI ME UGAI JA SAKTI HE , ISKE LIYE BALUAR
DOMT MITTI (SANDY LOAM SOIL) THIK RAHTI HE JISKA PH 6-7 HO TATHA USME HUMUS KI MATRA BHI ADHIK HO.....
MANURE AND FERTILIZER-
100-120kg N
50-60kg P
80-100kg K
P,K KI PURI MATRATATHA N KI AADHI MATRA ROPAI KE SAMYE DE
TATHA N KI AADHI MATRA PAHLI SINCHAI PAR TOP DRESING DUARA DENI
CHAHIYE....
ADHIK YIELD LENE KE LIYE 200-250 QUNTAL FYM (GOBAR KI KHAD)
SOWING KE 30 DAYS
PAHLE MILA DENI CHAHIYE...
SOWING TIME
1. INDIA KE MAIDANI BHAGON ME-- OCTOBER-NOVEMBER
2. HILL(PAHADI) CHETRON KE LIYE- MARCH- JUNE
SEED RATE
TRANSPLANTING METHOD NURSERY ME 8-10kg SEED PARTI HECTARE
KI DAR SE PARYAPT RAHTA HE,
ONION KI SOWING 3 METHODS SE KARTE HE,
SOWING OF THE SEED DIRECTLY IN THE FIELD--
yanha par ropai nahi ki jati ,yaha par iske seed ko directly field me bote
he, directly field me bone ke liye seed rate 20-25kg/hectare paryapt hota
he..... this method not use in past....
planting bulb in the field- onon ki early crop lene ke liye
mideum saise ke bulb ki ropai karte he , is crop ko (narrah or narrahi)
kahte he,iske sowing ke liye 10-12kuntal bulb/hectare
paryapt rahte he....
Raising of Nursery-
is method me choti- choti kyariyan banai jati
hejisme onion ka seed ropa jata he tatha isme 8-10kg seed 1 hectare
ke liye paryog me late he,buai ke bad pahli sinchai 3-4 din ke difrent
par and last me 1 week ke anter par karte rahna chahiye, and jab plant
12-15cm ke ho jate he to unko field me tranplanting kar dia jata he....
Transplanting-
Jab plant 6-9 weeks ke ho jayen
tab unko december-january month neacche tayar kiye hue
khet me spacing recurment ke anusar 2.5cm gahrai par ropai
kar deni chahiye..ropai se pahle plant ke upri bhag tatha jad
ke badhe hue bhag ko cut kar dena chahiye tatha turent
sinchai kar deni chahiye..
Spacing-
1. In Transplanting Methods- row-row ka distance 15-20 cm and
plant-plant ka distance 10-15cm, gernaly 15cm row,10cm plantig
distance..
2. In Bulb Sowing Methods- row - row ka distance 22.5cm and
plant-plant ka disrance 15cm...........
Weeding and Interculture-
Chloro I.P.C weedeside ka 5-6kg/hectare sprey karna chahiye,
Tenoran ka 2.5kg/hectare( after 3 weeks of transplanting) ropai ke 3 saptah bad
800liter pani me mix karke sprey karna chahiye
2-3 bar khurpi se nirai gudi karni chahiye,,,,,,
Irrigation/sinchai-
ki sankhya soil tatha climate ki dasa aadi par nirbhar hoti he, gernale
iske 10-15 sinchai ki jati he, payaj ko pani ki adhiktam aavasyakta ropai ke 3
month tak hoti he, bulb bante samaye sichai ki adhik jarurt hoti he jisse yield
par accha parbhav padta he.......last irrigation khudai ke 3-4 din pahle kari hoti
he.......
Harvesting-
1. Green Bunch Onion- eating stage par jab small bulb ban jate he
tab inko ukhad kar market me sell kar dia jata he
2. Ripe Bulbs(pake hue kand)- acche pake hue bulb ki hi
khudai karni chahiye jab plant ka upri bhag kand ke upar gir jaye tab
khurpi ki sahayta se unko ukhad liya jata he is avstha me bulb ka upri
bhag thoda sa green rahta he...
Yield-
1. Green Onion's Yield- 60-70 quntal/hectare
2. ripe bulb onion- 250-350quntal/hectare
Curing(Rachai)-bulb ki khudai ke bad agar
mausam adhik garm nahi he to khet me hi rachai ke liye
chod dia jata he,yadi mausam adhik garm he t bulb ki rachai
onion ki achhi crop ke liye iske field ko weeds ke mukt rakhna hoga, onion ek
uthli jad wali crop he bulb ke cut jane par uski badhwar ruk jati he,onion ke
khet me uthli karsan kiryayen karni chahiye, iske liye camical weeds control
best rahta he........kisi chaya dar sthan me karni chahiye, rachai ke bad gardan
kate hue bulb ko alag nikal dena chahiye, bulb ko sukhane
ke liye rachai karna jaruri he....
Storage-
onion ke bhandaran ke liye 0 degree centigrete temprature sabse upukt hota he, onion ke kharab hone ke do hi mukhye strot he,,1- sadan(Gray Mould Rot),2- ankur ka nikalna(Sprouting). crop ki khudai karne se pahle
Melic Hydrazide (MH 40) ko 2500 PPM ka chidkav karne se onion ka sprouting stop ho jata he,
Seed Production-
Seed Production karne ki 2 important methods he,
1. Seed to Seed Methods- isme seed ko sowing karke
seed ptoduction karte he.
2. Bulb to Seed Methods- isme bulb ki sowing
karke seed ptoduction karte he.
Seed Production kane ke liye seed act ki bhi jarurat hoti
he jisme 2 acts follow karne padte he, jo is tarah
he.............
1. ISOLATION DISTANCE
2. ROGING
enme sabse jayada dhyan dene ki jarurat act no 1 ko he, becoase
Isolation distance se pure seed prapt hota he isolation distanse use
kahte he jis khet me aap seed production kar rahe ho us khet ke kuch
duri tak us crop ki koi dusri crop na ho, agar ye distance na ho to seed ki
purity less ho jati he,ye distance seed ke anusar alag-alag hota he, jo is
parkar he.
Type of seed-and these distance =
1. Nucleur 100% pure 1600m Distance
2. Breeder 99-100% pure 1600m Distance
3. Foundation 95-98% pure 1000m Distance
4. Certified 85-95%pure 800- 1000m Distance
5. Registered no pure no Distance
ROGING-
is act me crop ka nirikchan karte he ki
crop me koi dusri parjati ka plant to nahi he ya koi weeds
o nahi he agar he to usko ukhad kar fenk dete he ya
camical control karte he......
Roging 3 time ki jati he,
1. Before Flowering- isme plant ki leaf ke sige ko
dekh kar pahchan karte he kyonko 1 hi crope ki kai varieties hoti he
jinki leaf alag hoti he..
2. After Flowering- isme flowers ki matra ko dekh kar
selection karte he kyonki sare field me flower he lekin kuch podhon pan
abhi tah flower nahi he to ve plants kisi dusri varieties ke he, un plants
ko nikal dete he. jisse crope me purity % badh jati he.
3. Fruting Stage- isme fruite ke aakar ko dekh kar
selection karte he jaise ki kuch varieties ke fruite long and dwarf,
rounder hote he,,,..
Insect Pests-
Onion Thrip- yehe yellow colour ka small insect hota he jo ki leaf par
white dhabba paida kar deta he,jisse pattiyon ka upri sera bhure rang me
badalkar baad me leafs jhad jati he,
CONTROL-
1. Indrean ke 0.02% solution ka bar bar chidkav karen
2. Melathian 50ec ka 2 liter /hectare ki dar se chidkav karen
3. phasfomidan 100ec ka 0.03% solution ka bhi chidkav kar sakte he
Onion Maggots- Yehe makhiyon ki tarah unse bhi small kida hota he
,
Control-
1. Melathiyan 50ec ka 0.1% ke ghol ka chidkav karen
Disaeases-
1. Downy Mildew- caused by perenospora desteructor.
control- Bordeaux mixture me binole ka tel (cotton seed oil)
milakar sprey karen
2. Purpil Blanch- caused by Alternaria Porri.
3. Onion Smuth- caused by -Urocystis cepulae.
Control-
seed ka teatment Arasan OR Tersan se karna chahiye ...
4. Aster Yellow- yehe ek Virus Disease he.
5. Basal Rot, Fusarium Rot- jisme pattiyan upar se sukhni suru
ho jati he, Control - Bavistin 1kg/hectare ki dar se 15 din ke
difrent se sprey karen
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rahiye,,,,,,,TATA BAY
