WHEAT CROP
BOTANICAL
NAME-Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum vulgare
L.
FAMILY-Gramineae
GENUS-Triticu
Origin and History- sansar me gehun ki kheti bahut sameye se
ki j rahi he , ve nischit rup se ye
kahna sambhav nahi he ki konsa desh wheat ka janm sthan he,
Madhye asia se lekar
daxini purvi europ tak bhukhand jisme siriya,abisiniya,filistin,afganistan,india,and chin aate he ,
ko wheat ka janm sthan mana jata he ….
Climate- wheat ek sitosn
jalwayu ki fasal he! Iski kheti samudr
tal se 4000-5000 M ki unchain tak karte
he!
Gram pardeshon me gehun ki kheti sarad ritu me ki jati he…
Rainfall- Gehun ki kheti
ke liye 25cm-150cm tak yearly rainfall ki jarurat hoti he,
Is fasal ke liye 60-90cm rainfall wale sthan bhi upukt hote
he, gehun ke pakte sameye rainfall ka hona hanikarak hota he, viseshkar us
sameye jab rain ke sath ole bhi paden,…
Temperature- gehun thande
mausam ki fasal he, isliye isko vibhin tapmano ki jarurat hoti he , beej ke
jamav ke liye aavesyak tapman,,
Minimum-38-42 F [3.5-5.5 C]
Medium- 68-77 F [20-22 C]
Maximum- 95 F [35
c]
Humiditity- gehun ki fasal
ke liye 50-60% aadrta(humidity) ki jarurat hoti he, agar vaumandal me aadrta ki matra adhik ho
jati he to fasa par bimariyan lagne ka dar rahta he,
Soil- gehun ki kheti ke
liye domat(loam soil ) sarvottam rahti
he. Matiyar aur retli bhumi me bhi gehun ki kheti ki jati he, gehun keliue
bhumi kharpatwar rahit honi chahiye, gehun ki
kheti un sabhi bhumiyon me safalta purvak ki ja sakti he jnka pH maan 5.5-7.5 ke bich me hota he,
adhik amliye aur adhik chariye bhumi me gehun ki kheti nahi ki ja sakti he
kyonki posak tatv aavasyak matra me prapt nahi ho pate he…
Varieties- (A)
SINCHIT CHETRON KE LIYE
·
H.D 2967
·
P.B.W 343
·
H.P 1209
·
H.P 1102
·
U.P 368
·
U.P 115
·
SONALIKA
·
H.D 1925
·
H.D 2177
·
H.D 2285
·
P.B.W 17
·
PBW 502
·
HD 2932
(B) ASINCHIT CHETRON KE KE LIYe
·
C 306
·
K 65
·
K 68
·
U.P 2113
·
VL 401
·
WL 410
·
VL 616
·
HS 208
·
CPAN 1996
·
HS 86
·
U.P 1109
बीज Seed- beej sadev parmanit evam ese jati koa bona
chahiye joki boye jane wale cherton ke anukul ho, beej me kisi dusri jati ke
beej samil na ho, bone se pahle beej ka ankuran % janch lena chahiye,
बीज उपचार seed
treatment-
Beej janit rogon
se fasal ko bachane ve ankuran achha karne ke liye beejon ka upchar kiya jana
jaruri hota he,
Yaadi beej
upcharit na ho to use Thyraam 2.5 gm/kg beej ki dar se upcharit kar lena chahiyee !
Pahadi elakon me thyram
ke bajaye vaitavex ya egrosan GN ya seresan
se beej ko upcharit karna chahiye
Khula kandua
ki roktham ke liye beej ko vaitavax se
2.5 gm/kg beej ki dar se upcharit karte he,,,…
बीज की मात्रा-Quantity
of seed-
बुवाई की विधि(method of
sowing
|
बीज की मात्रा (किग्रा / हेक्टेयर)
|
1. हल के पीछे पंक्ति में बुवाई
2. Seeddreal के साथ बुवाई
3. Dibling विधि se बुआई
4. देर से बुवाई
|
100
100
25-30
125
|
Gehun ko 4-5cm gahrai par bona chahiye,,,,
Manuring-
crop
|
N2
|
P2O5
|
K2O
|
Gehun
|
120
|
60
|
40
|
N2- gehun ke podhe ke duara nitrogen ka adhikansh soshann nitreate ke rup me fasal par ful aane tak
hota he.
Podhe ke tane aur
pattiyon me sbse adhik nitrogen podho me baal aane ke samaye paya jata he .baal
banne par, tane aur pattiyon ki nitrogen
ka stannantran dane me hone lagta
he , gehun ke dane me nitrogen protin ke
rup me pariwartit ho jati he ,dane me nitrogen “Glutin” ke rup me pai jati
he….
P2O5- gehun
ke podhe me 1% s bhi kam matra me P2O5 paya jata he ,but phir bhi yehe gehun ki
fasal ke liye bahut hi jaruri posak tatv mana jata he,
Iski kami se
podho ki savsen kriya mand pad jati h aur podho me dane chote aur kam matra me
bante he , podhon me sarvadhik is tatv ki matra fasal ke pakne ke 2 saptah ke
purv paye jate he…
K2O-podhon
me carbohidrets ka nirman hone ke samye podho ko potas ki adhik matra me
jarurat hoti he,potas ki kami me podhe bhumi se calcium aur magnisium adhik matra me soshit karte he tatha ache
guno wala dana utpann nahi hota,…
Irrigation – fasal avdhi ki kuch visesh krantic
avasthaye (critical stages) par boni jatiyon me,
sinchai ka lagana aavasyak hota he--------
1st irrigation
|
Mukhye jad banna(crown root initiation)-bowai ke 20-25 din ke ander …
|
2nd irrigation
|
Kale futne(Tillering stage)
ki avastha bone ke 40-45 dn baad…
|
3rd irrigation
|
Ganth banne ki antim avastha(late jointing stage) bone ke 65-75 din baad…
|
4th irrigation
|
Ful aane ke samaye(flowering stage),bone ke 90-95 din baad.
|
5th irrigation
|
Dano me dudh padne ke
samaye(milking stage), 110-115 din baad..
|
6th irrigation
|
Dana sakht padte sameye(dought stage), bone ke 120-125
din baad…
|
Gehun ki desi jatiyon me 1-3 sinchai karte he
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Weeds
control- gehun me
adhiktar chodi patti wale kharpatwar hote he jo ki mukye fasal ko adhiktar hani
pahunchate he jiske karan upaj me kami ho jati he.
Gehun me chodi patti wale mukhye kharpatwar-
·
bathua
·
krishannill
·
hirankhuri
·
senji
·
chatri matri
·
gegla
·
munmuna
·
jangli gajar
sankri patti wale kharpatwar-
·
gehunsa(baluri)
·
jangli zai
weed
control with camical methods—chodi patti wale kharpatwaron ko nast krne ke liye 2,4-D
namak camical ka pryog 600-800 liter pani me gholkar fasal bone ke 30-35 din
baad / hect me chidkav kar dena chahiye,
2,4-D ke rup me vyaparic
naam
|
Sakriye tatv % matra
|
Matra liter ya kg/hect
|
2,4-D sodium(lavan)farnocsan
|
80
|
0.625
|
2,4-D ethaic aster(drav)bladex c/vidon
|
36
|
1.400
|
2,4-D amine lavan(taral) bladex g/vidaar
|
72
|
0.700
|
Nero leaf weeds control-
Isoproturaan
50% ko 700-800 liter water me
milakar / hect chidkav karna chahiye,
Davai ka camical name and
vyaparic name
|
Sakriye tatv matra/hect
|
Isoprotyuraan(75%
wp)-arilaan/alan/ronak/bander/totalan/isolaan
|
1.00kg
|
Isoprotyuraan
(50%wp)-tholkan/torus/rakchav/kaan/kanak/ronak/deralon(50%
dispersan
|
1.50kg
|
Salfo
salfuraan
|
33.3g/hect
|
Stamp 35 E.C ko gehun ki buai
ke 2-3 din bad ankuran se pahle turant prayog Karen,,
Crop rotation-
1. crop rotation for 1 year-
Ø
Paddy-wheat
Ø
Maize-potato-wheat-lobhiya
Ø
Sorghum(jwar)-wheat-urd
bean
2. crop rotation for 2 year-
Ø
maize-wheat;cotton-berseem
Ø
paddy-wheat;sorghum-gram
3. crop rotation for 3 year-
Ø
sorghum-wheat;maize-potato;sugarcane
Harvesting- gehun ki fasal ki katai us sameye kani
chahiye jab dano me 20-30% nami rah jati he,
Gehun ki Early
crop ko bone ke 140-150 din baad or Late crop ko 120-125 din baad kat lete le,
Yield-
varities
|
Dana qu/hec
|
Bhusa qul/hect
|
Boni
jatiyan
|
40-60
|
70-80
|
Desi
jatiyan
|
20-30
|
60-70
|
Plant protection
·
Harmfull disease and control-
1) Ratua(rusts)- jis parkar lohe par jang laga hua najar
aata he usi parkar gehun par rust ka parkop hota he , gehun me ye 3 type ki
hoti he…..
Rust name
|
||
Yellow rust/stripe rust
|
Puccinia striiformis
|
|
Brown rust/Leaf rust
|
Puccinia recondita
|
|
Black rust/stem rust
|
Puccinia graminis tritici
|
Control-
zineb(dithen z-78) ka chidkav
0.2% ke hisab se karena chahiye,
1000
liter pani me 2kg davai milakar chidkav krna chahiye….
Rust rodhuk kismo
ko bona chahiye-up 155,u.p 162, HD 2307, HD 2336,
W.H 147……
2) Kandua(Loose
smut of wheat)- is rog me jab podho par baliyan aati he to
unme dano ke sthan par kala churn ban jata he aur kuch time baad puri bali nast
ho jati he,yehe churn hawa ke duara
dusri baliyon par bhi pahunch jata he,
Control- iski roktham ke liye
roggrasit podhon koukhad kar fenk dena chahiye.
Beejon ko 0.25%
vitavax se upcharit kar lena chahiye,
WL
711, HD 2009, WL 410 KO BONA CHAHIYE
3) Powdery mildew-
yehe rog Erysiphe graminis fafund ke duara falta he.
Control- 15-20kg
barik gandhak ki dhuli /hect bakherni chahiye.
4) Bunt disease- bunt 2 parkar ke hote he,
Ø
Karnal bunt
Ø
Hill bunt
Control- Zineb ka chidkav Karen.
hill bunt rokne me vaitavax ya
Agrosen GN ka chidkav bhi labhdayak paya gaya he……
·
Harmfull insects and control
Insect name
|
Control
|
Dimak(Termite)
|
Heptaclore/chlorodane ki
5% dhuli 20-30 kg/hect ki dar se bone se pahle bhumi me mila de
|
Tana
bedhak(Stem borer)
|
0.04% Folidol ka
chidkav(400ml me 1000 liter pani) karna chahiye
|
Wheat aphid
|
0.02% Folidol ka chidkav
karna chahiye, B.H.C ki dhuli bhi kam karti he….
|
Grasshopper
|
B.H.C ki 5% ki dhuli
25kg/hect ki dar s dalni chahiye…..
|
Cutworm
|
Aldrean 5% dhuli upchar ke liye 25kg/hect ki dar se dalni
chahiye,// ya subah ke time 5% dhuli heptaclore dalni chahiye….
|
--Notes—
Crown- biju
podhe ka vahe sthan jaha par jad v tana ek dusre ke sath jude hote he , Crown kahlata he..
Nirgaman(Emergence)- fasa
ke podhon ki jab pahli patti, bhumi se bahar nikalti he vahe sameye nirgaman kahlata he….
