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| Dry land |
December 4, 2017
FOOD PLNATS FOR DRY REGIONS OF THE TROPICS. DRYLANS
September 29, 2017
Onion's Crop
Onion's Crop
To aaiye jante he ki iske kheti kaise karte he..........
hai doston aaj me aapke liye ek essyi crop lekar aaya hun, jiski hume
roj jarurat padti he jiska name h onion, ji han ye ek sabji essi he jiske
bina aapki sabji adhuri rahti he aur khane me bhi testi nahi lagti lekin
esko dalne ke bad sabji me ek naya sa svad payeda ho jata he,
esliye agar aapne suna ho to ise Quien of the Ketichin kaha jata he,
INTRODUCTION--
Botanical name- Allium sepa L.
family - Alieacea
Orgin - North West India
(Mediterraneam Region)
NUTERITIVE VALUE--
1. nami --86.8gm
2. vasa -0.10
3. resa- 00.6 gm
4. calorease- 49
5. orgenic matter- 00.4gm
6. protin- 01.2gm
7. other carbohydrets- 11.0gm
8. calsium- 47 mg
9. phosphoras- 50 mg
10. vitamin A- nill
11. vitamin C- 11.00mg
12. thiyamin- 0.08mg
13. nicotin acid- 00.4
varieties-
ONION RED
PUSA RED
PUSA RATNAR
ARKA NIKRTAN
N-53
HISSAR-2
NASIK RED
UDAIPUR-101
UDAIPUR-103
BL-1
BL-67
ONION WHITE
PUSA WHITE FLATE
WHITE GLOBE
WHITE GRANO
ONION SLECTION 101
PONJAB-48
ONION SELECTION 131
PATNA WHITE
PUSA WHITE ROUND
ONION YELLOW
EARLY GARNO
EARLY YELLOW GLOB
I.I.H.R YELLOW
HYBRID ONION
VL -67
EMPIRE
FIESTA
varieties for kharif
seasion
N-53
NO.-780
ARKA KALYAN
AGRIFOUND LIGHT RED
(INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH
,BANGLORE) ne 3 varieties devlope ki he jo ki 400-450
kuntal/hectare yield dene ki capesiti rakhti he jinka nam
he,
ARKA NIKETAN
ARKA KALYAN
ARAK PRAGATI
CROP ROTATION-
BRINJAL-POTATO-ONION
LEDY FINGER-PEA-ONION
BITTERGOARD(early)-ONION
LEDYFINGER-RADISH-ONION
CLIMATE-
PYAJ COLD SEASION KI CROP HE , TATHA ISE KHARIF ME BHI UGAYA JA
SAKTA HE UN VARIETIES KI SOWING KARKE JO KHARF KE LIYE SUTABLE
HE......
PYAJ KI ACCHI FASAL KE LIYE 15.5-21.10CENTIGRETE TEMPRATURE ,
10 HOURE KA DAY AND 70% HUMIDITY (AADRTA) SUTEBLE HOTI HE........
SOIL
PYAJ SABHI PARKAR KI MITTI ME UGAI JA SAKTI HE , ISKE LIYE BALUAR
DOMT MITTI (SANDY LOAM SOIL) THIK RAHTI HE JISKA PH 6-7 HO TATHA USME HUMUS KI MATRA BHI ADHIK HO.....
MANURE AND FERTILIZER-
100-120kg N
50-60kg P
80-100kg K
P,K KI PURI MATRATATHA N KI AADHI MATRA ROPAI KE SAMYE DE
TATHA N KI AADHI MATRA PAHLI SINCHAI PAR TOP DRESING DUARA DENI
CHAHIYE....
ADHIK YIELD LENE KE LIYE 200-250 QUNTAL FYM (GOBAR KI KHAD)
SOWING KE 30 DAYS
PAHLE MILA DENI CHAHIYE...
SOWING TIME
1. INDIA KE MAIDANI BHAGON ME-- OCTOBER-NOVEMBER
2. HILL(PAHADI) CHETRON KE LIYE- MARCH- JUNE
SEED RATE
TRANSPLANTING METHOD NURSERY ME 8-10kg SEED PARTI HECTARE
KI DAR SE PARYAPT RAHTA HE,
ONION KI SOWING 3 METHODS SE KARTE HE,
SOWING OF THE SEED DIRECTLY IN THE FIELD--
yanha par ropai nahi ki jati ,yaha par iske seed ko directly field me bote
he, directly field me bone ke liye seed rate 20-25kg/hectare paryapt hota
he..... this method not use in past....
planting bulb in the field- onon ki early crop lene ke liye
mideum saise ke bulb ki ropai karte he , is crop ko (narrah or narrahi)
kahte he,iske sowing ke liye 10-12kuntal bulb/hectare
paryapt rahte he....
Raising of Nursery-
is method me choti- choti kyariyan banai jati
hejisme onion ka seed ropa jata he tatha isme 8-10kg seed 1 hectare
ke liye paryog me late he,buai ke bad pahli sinchai 3-4 din ke difrent
par and last me 1 week ke anter par karte rahna chahiye, and jab plant
12-15cm ke ho jate he to unko field me tranplanting kar dia jata he....
Transplanting-
Jab plant 6-9 weeks ke ho jayen
tab unko december-january month neacche tayar kiye hue
khet me spacing recurment ke anusar 2.5cm gahrai par ropai
kar deni chahiye..ropai se pahle plant ke upri bhag tatha jad
ke badhe hue bhag ko cut kar dena chahiye tatha turent
sinchai kar deni chahiye..
Spacing-
1. In Transplanting Methods- row-row ka distance 15-20 cm and
plant-plant ka distance 10-15cm, gernaly 15cm row,10cm plantig
distance..
2. In Bulb Sowing Methods- row - row ka distance 22.5cm and
plant-plant ka disrance 15cm...........
Weeding and Interculture-
Chloro I.P.C weedeside ka 5-6kg/hectare sprey karna chahiye,
Tenoran ka 2.5kg/hectare( after 3 weeks of transplanting) ropai ke 3 saptah bad
800liter pani me mix karke sprey karna chahiye
2-3 bar khurpi se nirai gudi karni chahiye,,,,,,
Irrigation/sinchai-
ki sankhya soil tatha climate ki dasa aadi par nirbhar hoti he, gernale
iske 10-15 sinchai ki jati he, payaj ko pani ki adhiktam aavasyakta ropai ke 3
month tak hoti he, bulb bante samaye sichai ki adhik jarurt hoti he jisse yield
par accha parbhav padta he.......last irrigation khudai ke 3-4 din pahle kari hoti
he.......
Harvesting-
1. Green Bunch Onion- eating stage par jab small bulb ban jate he
tab inko ukhad kar market me sell kar dia jata he
2. Ripe Bulbs(pake hue kand)- acche pake hue bulb ki hi
khudai karni chahiye jab plant ka upri bhag kand ke upar gir jaye tab
khurpi ki sahayta se unko ukhad liya jata he is avstha me bulb ka upri
bhag thoda sa green rahta he...
Yield-
1. Green Onion's Yield- 60-70 quntal/hectare
2. ripe bulb onion- 250-350quntal/hectare
Curing(Rachai)-bulb ki khudai ke bad agar
mausam adhik garm nahi he to khet me hi rachai ke liye
chod dia jata he,yadi mausam adhik garm he t bulb ki rachai
onion ki achhi crop ke liye iske field ko weeds ke mukt rakhna hoga, onion ek
uthli jad wali crop he bulb ke cut jane par uski badhwar ruk jati he,onion ke
khet me uthli karsan kiryayen karni chahiye, iske liye camical weeds control
best rahta he........kisi chaya dar sthan me karni chahiye, rachai ke bad gardan
kate hue bulb ko alag nikal dena chahiye, bulb ko sukhane
ke liye rachai karna jaruri he....
Storage-
onion ke bhandaran ke liye 0 degree centigrete temprature sabse upukt hota he, onion ke kharab hone ke do hi mukhye strot he,,1- sadan(Gray Mould Rot),2- ankur ka nikalna(Sprouting). crop ki khudai karne se pahle
Melic Hydrazide (MH 40) ko 2500 PPM ka chidkav karne se onion ka sprouting stop ho jata he,
Seed Production-
Seed Production karne ki 2 important methods he,
1. Seed to Seed Methods- isme seed ko sowing karke
seed ptoduction karte he.
2. Bulb to Seed Methods- isme bulb ki sowing
karke seed ptoduction karte he.
Seed Production kane ke liye seed act ki bhi jarurat hoti
he jisme 2 acts follow karne padte he, jo is tarah
he.............
1. ISOLATION DISTANCE
2. ROGING
enme sabse jayada dhyan dene ki jarurat act no 1 ko he, becoase
Isolation distance se pure seed prapt hota he isolation distanse use
kahte he jis khet me aap seed production kar rahe ho us khet ke kuch
duri tak us crop ki koi dusri crop na ho, agar ye distance na ho to seed ki
purity less ho jati he,ye distance seed ke anusar alag-alag hota he, jo is
parkar he.
Type of seed-and these distance =
1. Nucleur 100% pure 1600m Distance
2. Breeder 99-100% pure 1600m Distance
3. Foundation 95-98% pure 1000m Distance
4. Certified 85-95%pure 800- 1000m Distance
5. Registered no pure no Distance
ROGING-
is act me crop ka nirikchan karte he ki
crop me koi dusri parjati ka plant to nahi he ya koi weeds
o nahi he agar he to usko ukhad kar fenk dete he ya
camical control karte he......
Roging 3 time ki jati he,
1. Before Flowering- isme plant ki leaf ke sige ko
dekh kar pahchan karte he kyonko 1 hi crope ki kai varieties hoti he
jinki leaf alag hoti he..
2. After Flowering- isme flowers ki matra ko dekh kar
selection karte he kyonki sare field me flower he lekin kuch podhon pan
abhi tah flower nahi he to ve plants kisi dusri varieties ke he, un plants
ko nikal dete he. jisse crope me purity % badh jati he.
3. Fruting Stage- isme fruite ke aakar ko dekh kar
selection karte he jaise ki kuch varieties ke fruite long and dwarf,
rounder hote he,,,..
Insect Pests-
Onion Thrip- yehe yellow colour ka small insect hota he jo ki leaf par
white dhabba paida kar deta he,jisse pattiyon ka upri sera bhure rang me
badalkar baad me leafs jhad jati he,
CONTROL-
1. Indrean ke 0.02% solution ka bar bar chidkav karen
2. Melathian 50ec ka 2 liter /hectare ki dar se chidkav karen
3. phasfomidan 100ec ka 0.03% solution ka bhi chidkav kar sakte he
Onion Maggots- Yehe makhiyon ki tarah unse bhi small kida hota he
,
Control-
1. Melathiyan 50ec ka 0.1% ke ghol ka chidkav karen
Disaeases-
1. Downy Mildew- caused by perenospora desteructor.
control- Bordeaux mixture me binole ka tel (cotton seed oil)
milakar sprey karen
2. Purpil Blanch- caused by Alternaria Porri.
3. Onion Smuth- caused by -Urocystis cepulae.
Control-
seed ka teatment Arasan OR Tersan se karna chahiye ...
4. Aster Yellow- yehe ek Virus Disease he.
5. Basal Rot, Fusarium Rot- jisme pattiyan upar se sukhni suru
ho jati he, Control - Bavistin 1kg/hectare ki dar se 15 din ke
difrent se sprey karen
To Bhaio Aap logon ko ye chota sa post
jarur pasand aaya hoga , ese hi post read
karne ke liye aap meri site se jude
rahiye,,,,,,,TATA BAY
September 17, 2017
A to Z Full Forms of Computer Related Terms
1.
What is
full form of Computer- Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used in Technical and Educational research.
2. What is full form of Aac- advanced audio Coding
3.
What is full form of
Ac97- audio codec 97
4.
What is full form of
Amr- adaptive multi-rate
5.
What is full form of
asi- asynchronous serial Interface
6.
What is full form of
asp- active server Pages
7.
What is full form of
Atm- automated teller Machine
8.
What is full form of
basic- beginner's all-purpose
symbolic instruction code
9. What is full form of bcc- blind carbon copy
10. What is full form of bios- basic input output system
11. What is full form of bpo- business process outsourcing
12. What is full form of cbr- constant bitrate
13. What is full form of cc- carbon copy
14. What is full form of cce- cinema craft Encoder
15. What is full form of cd- compaq Disk
16. What is full form of ceo- chief executive officer
17. What is full form of clx- component library for cross platform
18. What is full form of cobol- common business-oriented language
19. What is full form of codec- coder-decoder
20. What is full form of cpu- central processing unit
21. What is full form of css- cascading style sheets
22. What is full form of divx- named as a paradoy to divx system
23. What is full form of dns- domain name system
24. What is full form of dvd- digital versatile disk and digital video disc
25. What is full form of dvi- digital video interactive
26. What is full form of et- Exabyte
27. What is full form of flac- free lossless audio codec
28. What is full form of fortran- formula translation
29. What is full form of ftp- file transfer protocol
30. What is full form of gb- gigabyte
31. What is full form of gif- graphics interchange format
32. What is full form of google- global organization of oriented group language
of earth
33. What is full form of gprs- general packet radio service
34. What is full form of gps- global positioning system
35. What is full form of gsm- global system for mobile communications
36. What is full form of hd- high definition
37. What is full form of html- hypertext markup language
38. What is full form of https- hypertext transfer protocol
39. What is full form of imei- international mobile equipment identity
40. What is full form of ip- internet protocol
41. What is full form of isp- internet service provider
42. What is full form of it- information technology
43. What is full form of jad- java application descriptor
44. What is full form of jpeg- joint photographic experts group
45. What is full form of kb- kilobyte
46. What is full form of lcd- liquid crystal display
47. What is full form of led- liquid electronic display
48. What is full form of mb- megabyte
What is full form of mbps- mega bits per second
What is full form of mbps- mega bits per second
49. What is full form of micr- magnetic ink character recognition
50. What is full form of mis- management information system
51. What is full form of mms- multimedia messaging service
52. What is full form of mp3- mpeg layer-3
53. What is full form of mp4- mpeg layer-4
54. What is full form of mpeg- moving picture experts group
55. What is full form of oss- open sound system
56. What is full form of pc- personal computer
57. What is full form of pdf- portable document format
58. What is full form of perl- practical extraction and report language
59. What is full form of ping- packet internet groper
60. What is full form of png- portable network graphics
61. What is full form of prolog- programming in logic
62. What is full form of pt- petabyte
63. What is full form of qif- quicken interchange format
64. What is full form of qrcode- quick response code
65. What is full form of ram- random access memory
66. What is full form of rip- rest in peace
67. What is full form of rss- really simple syndication
68. What is full form of sata- serial advanced technology attachment
69. What is full form of seo- search engine optimization
70. What is full form of sim- subscriber identity module
71. What is full form of smil- synchronized multimedia integration language
72. What is full form of sms- short message service
73. What is full form of sos- send out succor
74. What is full form of sql- structured query language
75. What is full form of ssl- secure sockets layer
76. What is full form of tb- terabyte
77. What is full form of tft- thin film transistor
78. What is full form of tiff- tagged image file format
79. What is full form of ups- uninterrupted power supply
80. What is full form of url- uniform resource locator
81. What is full form of usb- universal serial bus
82. What is full form of vb- visual basic
83. What is full form of vbr- variable bit rate
84. What is full form of vbs- visual basic script
85. What is full form of vcd- video compaq disk
86. What is full form of virus- vital information resources under seize
87. What is full form of vlc- video lan client
88. What is full form of wap- wireless application protocol
89. What is full form of wifi- wireless fidelity
90. What is full form of wma- windows media audio
91. What is full form of wmv- windows media video
92. What is full form of www- world wide web
93. What is full form of xbl- xml binding language
94. What is full form of xml- extensible markup language
95. What is full form of yt- yottabyte
96. What is full form of zb- zettabyte
97. What is full form of zip- zone improvement plan
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